/*
  Copyright (c) 2009, Hideyuki Tanaka
  All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  * Neither the name of the <organization> nor the
  names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
  derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY <copyright holder> ''AS IS'' AND ANY
  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
  WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
  DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <copyright holder> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
  DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
  (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
  LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
  ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

#pragma once

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <vector>

#include <cxxabi.h>

namespace cmdline {

namespace detail {

  template <typename Target, typename Source, bool Same>
  class lexical_cast_t {
   public:
    static Target cast(Source const& arg) {
      Target ret;
      std::stringstream ss;
      if (!(ss << arg && ss >> ret && ss.eof())) {
        throw std::bad_cast();
      }

      return ret;
    }
  };

  template <typename Target, typename Source>
  class lexical_cast_t<Target, Source, true> {
   public:
    static Target cast(Source const& arg) {
      return arg;
    }
  };

  template <typename Source>
  class lexical_cast_t<std::string, Source, false> {
   public:
    static std::string cast(Source const& arg) {
      std::ostringstream ss;
      ss << arg;
      return ss.str();
    }
  };

  template <typename Target>
  class lexical_cast_t<Target, std::string, false> {
   public:
    static Target cast(std::string const& arg) {
      Target ret;
      std::istringstream ss(arg);
      if (!(ss >> ret && ss.eof())) {
        throw std::bad_cast();
      }
      return ret;
    }
  };

  template <typename T1, typename T2>
  struct is_same {
    static bool const value = false;
  };

  template <typename T>
  struct is_same<T, T> {
    static bool const value = true;
  };

  template <typename Target, typename Source>
  Target lexical_cast(Source const& arg) {
    return lexical_cast_t<Target, Source, detail::is_same<Target, Source>::value>::cast(arg);
  }

  inline static std::string demangle(std::string const& name) {
    int status = 0;
    char* p    = abi::__cxa_demangle(name.c_str(), 0, 0, &status);
    std::string ret(p);
    free(p);
    return ret;
  }

  template <class T>
  std::string readable_typename() {
    return demangle(typeid(T).name());
  }

  template <class T>
  std::string default_value(T def) {
    return detail::lexical_cast<std::string>(def);
  }

  template <>
  inline std::string readable_typename<std::string>() {
    return "string";
  }

}  // namespace detail

//-----

class cmdline_error : public std::exception {
 public:
  cmdline_error(std::string const& msg) : msg(msg) {}
  ~cmdline_error() throw() {}
  char const* what() const throw() {
    return msg.c_str();
  }

 private:
  std::string msg;
};

template <class T>
struct default_reader {
  T operator()(std::string const& str) {
    return detail::lexical_cast<T>(str);
  }
};

template <class T>
struct range_reader {
  range_reader(T const& low, T const& high) : low(low), high(high) {}
  T operator()(std::string const& s) const {
    T ret = default_reader<T>()(s);
    if (!(ret >= low && ret <= high)) {
      throw cmdline::cmdline_error("range_error");
    }
    return ret;
  }

 private:
  T low, high;
};

template <class T>
range_reader<T> range(T const& low, T const& high) {
  return range_reader<T>(low, high);
}

template <class T>
struct oneof_reader {
  T operator()(std::string const& s) {
    T ret = default_reader<T>()(s);
    if (std::find(alt.begin(), alt.end(), ret) == alt.end()) {
      throw cmdline_error("");
    }
    return ret;
  }
  void add(T const& v) {
    alt.push_back(v);
  }

 private:
  std::vector<T> alt;
};

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  return ret;
}

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1, T a2) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  ret.add(a2);
  return ret;
}

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1, T a2, T a3) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  ret.add(a2);
  ret.add(a3);
  return ret;
}

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1, T a2, T a3, T a4) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  ret.add(a2);
  ret.add(a3);
  ret.add(a4);
  return ret;
}

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1, T a2, T a3, T a4, T a5) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  ret.add(a2);
  ret.add(a3);
  ret.add(a4);
  ret.add(a5);
  return ret;
}

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1, T a2, T a3, T a4, T a5, T a6) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  ret.add(a2);
  ret.add(a3);
  ret.add(a4);
  ret.add(a5);
  ret.add(a6);
  return ret;
}

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1, T a2, T a3, T a4, T a5, T a6, T a7) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  ret.add(a2);
  ret.add(a3);
  ret.add(a4);
  ret.add(a5);
  ret.add(a6);
  ret.add(a7);
  return ret;
}

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1, T a2, T a3, T a4, T a5, T a6, T a7, T a8) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  ret.add(a2);
  ret.add(a3);
  ret.add(a4);
  ret.add(a5);
  ret.add(a6);
  ret.add(a7);
  ret.add(a8);
  return ret;
}

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1, T a2, T a3, T a4, T a5, T a6, T a7, T a8, T a9) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  ret.add(a2);
  ret.add(a3);
  ret.add(a4);
  ret.add(a5);
  ret.add(a6);
  ret.add(a7);
  ret.add(a8);
  ret.add(a9);
  return ret;
}

template <class T>
oneof_reader<T> oneof(T a1, T a2, T a3, T a4, T a5, T a6, T a7, T a8, T a9, T a10) {
  oneof_reader<T> ret;
  ret.add(a1);
  ret.add(a2);
  ret.add(a3);
  ret.add(a4);
  ret.add(a5);
  ret.add(a6);
  ret.add(a7);
  ret.add(a8);
  ret.add(a9);
  ret.add(a10);
  return ret;
}

//-----

class parser {
 public:
  parser() {}
  ~parser() {
    for (std::map<std::string, option_base*>::iterator p = options.begin(); p != options.end(); p++) {
      delete p->second;
    }
  }

  void add(std::string const& name, char short_name = 0, std::string const& desc = "") {
    if (options.count(name)) {
      throw cmdline_error("multiple definition: " + name);
    }
    options[name] = new option_without_value(name, short_name, desc);
    ordered.push_back(options[name]);
  }

  template <class T>
  void add(
      std::string const& name, char short_name = 0, std::string const& desc = "", bool need = true, T const def = T()) {
    add(name, short_name, desc, need, def, default_reader<T>());
  }

  template <class T, class F>
  void add(std::string const& name,
           char short_name         = 0,
           std::string const& desc = "",
           bool need               = true,
           T const def             = T(),
           F reader                = F()) {
    if (options.count(name)) {
      throw cmdline_error("multiple definition: " + name);
    }
    options[name] = new option_with_value_with_reader<T, F>(name, short_name, need, def, desc, reader);
    ordered.push_back(options[name]);
  }

  void footer(std::string const& f) {
    ftr = f;
  }

  void set_program_name(std::string const& name) {
    prog_name = name;
  }

  bool exist(std::string const& name) const {
    if (options.count(name) == 0) {
      throw cmdline_error("there is no flag: --" + name);
    }
    return options.find(name)->second->has_set();
  }

  template <class T>
  T const& get(std::string const& name) const {
    if (options.count(name) == 0) {
      throw cmdline_error("there is no flag: --" + name);
    }
    option_with_value<T> const* p = dynamic_cast<option_with_value<T> const*>(options.find(name)->second);
    if (p == NULL) {
      throw cmdline_error("type mismatch flag '" + name + "'");
    }
    return p->get();
  }

  std::vector<std::string> const& rest() const {
    return others;
  }

  bool parse(std::string const& arg) {
    std::vector<std::string> args;

    std::string buf;
    bool in_quote = false;
    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i < arg.length(); i++) {
      if (arg[i] == '\"') {
        in_quote = !in_quote;
        continue;
      }

      if (arg[i] == ' ' && !in_quote) {
        args.push_back(buf);
        buf = "";
        continue;
      }

      if (arg[i] == '\\') {
        i++;
        if (i >= arg.length()) {
          errors.push_back("unexpected occurrence of '\\' at end of string");
          return false;
        }
      }

      buf += arg[i];
    }

    if (in_quote) {
      errors.push_back("quote is not closed");
      return false;
    }

    if (buf.length() > 0) {
      args.push_back(buf);
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
      std::cout << "\"" << args[i] << "\"" << std::endl;
    }

    return parse(args);
  }

  bool parse(std::vector<std::string> const& args) {
    int argc = static_cast<int>(args.size());
    std::vector<char const*> argv(argc);

    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
      argv[i] = args[i].c_str();
    }

    return parse(argc, &argv[0]);
  }

  bool parse(int argc, char const* const argv[]) {
    errors.clear();
    others.clear();

    if (argc < 1) {
      errors.push_back("argument number must be longer than 0");
      return false;
    }
    if (prog_name == "") {
      prog_name = argv[0];
    }

    std::map<char, std::string> lookup;
    for (std::map<std::string, option_base*>::iterator p = options.begin(); p != options.end(); p++) {
      if (p->first.length() == 0) {
        continue;
      }
      char initial = p->second->short_name();
      if (initial) {
        if (lookup.count(initial) > 0) {
          lookup[initial] = "";
          errors.push_back(std::string("short option '") + initial + "' is ambiguous");
          return false;
        } else {
          lookup[initial] = p->first;
        }
      }
    }

    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
      if (strncmp(argv[i], "--", 2) == 0) {
        char const* p = strchr(argv[i] + 2, '=');
        if (p) {
          std::string name(argv[i] + 2, p);
          std::string val(p + 1);
          set_option(name, val);
        } else {
          std::string name(argv[i] + 2);
          if (options.count(name) == 0) {
            errors.push_back("undefined option: --" + name);
            continue;
          }
          if (options[name]->has_value()) {
            if (i + 1 >= argc) {
              errors.push_back("option needs value: --" + name);
              continue;
            } else {
              i++;
              set_option(name, argv[i]);
            }
          } else {
            set_option(name);
          }
        }
      } else if (strncmp(argv[i], "-", 1) == 0) {
        if (!argv[i][1]) {
          continue;
        }
        char last = argv[i][1];
        for (int j = 2; argv[i][j]; j++) {
          last = argv[i][j];
          if (lookup.count(argv[i][j - 1]) == 0) {
            errors.push_back(std::string("undefined short option: -") + argv[i][j - 1]);
            continue;
          }
          if (lookup[argv[i][j - 1]] == "") {
            errors.push_back(std::string("ambiguous short option: -") + argv[i][j - 1]);
            continue;
          }
          set_option(lookup[argv[i][j - 1]]);
        }

        if (lookup.count(last) == 0) {
          errors.push_back(std::string("undefined short option: -") + last);
          continue;
        }
        if (lookup[last] == "") {
          errors.push_back(std::string("ambiguous short option: -") + last);
          continue;
        }

        if (i + 1 < argc && options[lookup[last]]->has_value()) {
          set_option(lookup[last], argv[i + 1]);
          i++;
        } else {
          set_option(lookup[last]);
        }
      } else {
        others.push_back(argv[i]);
      }
    }

    for (std::map<std::string, option_base*>::iterator p = options.begin(); p != options.end(); p++) {
      if (!p->second->valid()) {
        errors.push_back("need option: --" + std::string(p->first));
      }
    }

    return errors.size() == 0;
  }

  void parse_check(std::string const& arg) {
    if (!options.count("help")) {
      add("help", '?', "print this message");
    }
    check(0, parse(arg));
  }

  void parse_check(std::vector<std::string> const& args) {
    if (!options.count("help")) {
      add("help", '?', "print this message");
    }
    check(args.size(), parse(args));
  }

  void parse_check(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    if (!options.count("help")) {
      add("help", '?', "print this message");
    }
    check(argc, parse(argc, argv));
  }

  std::string error() const {
    return errors.size() > 0 ? errors[0] : "";
  }

  std::string error_full() const {
    std::ostringstream oss;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < errors.size(); i++) {
      oss << errors[i] << std::endl;
    }
    return oss.str();
  }

  std::string usage() const {
    std::ostringstream oss;
    oss << "usage: " << prog_name << " ";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ordered.size(); i++) {
      if (ordered[i]->must()) {
        oss << ordered[i]->short_description() << " ";
      }
    }

    oss << "[options] ... " << ftr << std::endl;
    oss << "options:" << std::endl;

    size_t max_width = 0;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ordered.size(); i++) {
      max_width = std::max(max_width, ordered[i]->name().length());
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ordered.size(); i++) {
      if (ordered[i]->short_name()) {
        oss << "  -" << ordered[i]->short_name() << ", ";
      } else {
        oss << "      ";
      }

      oss << "--" << ordered[i]->name();
      for (size_t j = ordered[i]->name().length(); j < max_width + 4; j++) {
        oss << ' ';
      }
      oss << ordered[i]->description() << std::endl;
    }
    return oss.str();
  }

 private:
  void check(int argc, bool ok) {
    if ((argc == 1 && !ok) || exist("help")) {
      std::cerr << usage();
      exit(0);
    }

    if (!ok) {
      std::cerr << error() << std::endl << usage();
      exit(1);
    }
  }

  void set_option(std::string const& name) {
    if (options.count(name) == 0) {
      errors.push_back("undefined option: --" + name);
      return;
    }
    if (!options[name]->set()) {
      errors.push_back("option needs value: --" + name);
      return;
    }
  }

  void set_option(std::string const& name, std::string const& value) {
    if (options.count(name) == 0) {
      errors.push_back("undefined option: --" + name);
      return;
    }
    if (!options[name]->set(value)) {
      errors.push_back("option value is invalid: --" + name + "=" + value);
      return;
    }
  }

  class option_base {
   public:
    virtual ~option_base() {}

    virtual bool has_value() const             = 0;
    virtual bool set()                         = 0;
    virtual bool set(std::string const& value) = 0;
    virtual bool has_set() const               = 0;
    virtual bool valid() const                 = 0;
    virtual bool must() const                  = 0;

    virtual std::string const& name() const        = 0;
    virtual char short_name() const                = 0;
    virtual std::string const& description() const = 0;
    virtual std::string short_description() const  = 0;
  };

  class option_without_value : public option_base {
   public:
    option_without_value(std::string const& name, char short_name, std::string const& desc)
        : nam(name), snam(short_name), desc(desc), has(false) {}
    ~option_without_value() {}

    bool has_value() const {
      return false;
    }

    bool set() {
      has = true;
      return true;
    }

    bool set(std::string const&) {
      return false;
    }

    bool has_set() const {
      return has;
    }

    bool valid() const {
      return true;
    }

    bool must() const {
      return false;
    }

    std::string const& name() const {
      return nam;
    }

    char short_name() const {
      return snam;
    }

    std::string const& description() const {
      return desc;
    }

    std::string short_description() const {
      return "--" + nam;
    }

   private:
    std::string nam;
    char snam;
    std::string desc;
    bool has;
  };

  template <class T>
  class option_with_value : public option_base {
   public:
    option_with_value(std::string const& name, char short_name, bool need, T const& def, std::string const& desc)
        : nam(name), snam(short_name), need(need), has(false), def(def), actual(def) {
      this->desc = full_description(desc);
    }
    ~option_with_value() {}

    T const& get() const {
      return actual;
    }

    bool has_value() const {
      return true;
    }

    bool set() {
      return false;
    }

    bool set(std::string const& value) {
      try {
        actual = read(value);
        has    = true;
      } catch (std::exception const& e) {
        return false;
      }
      return true;
    }

    bool has_set() const {
      return has;
    }

    bool valid() const {
      if (need && !has) {
        return false;
      }
      return true;
    }

    bool must() const {
      return need;
    }

    std::string const& name() const {
      return nam;
    }

    char short_name() const {
      return snam;
    }

    std::string const& description() const {
      return desc;
    }

    std::string short_description() const {
      return "--" + nam + "=" + detail::readable_typename<T>();
    }

   protected:
    std::string full_description(std::string const& desc) {
      return desc + " (" + detail::readable_typename<T>() + (need ? "" : " [=" + detail::default_value<T>(def) + "]")
             + ")";
    }

    virtual T read(std::string const& s) = 0;

    std::string nam;
    char snam;
    bool need;
    std::string desc;

    bool has;
    T def;
    T actual;
  };

  template <class T, class F>
  class option_with_value_with_reader : public option_with_value<T> {
   public:
    option_with_value_with_reader(
        std::string const& name, char short_name, bool need, T const def, std::string const& desc, F reader)
        : option_with_value<T>(name, short_name, need, def, desc), reader(reader) {}

   private:
    T read(std::string const& s) {
      return reader(s);
    }

    F reader;
  };

  std::map<std::string, option_base*> options;
  std::vector<option_base*> ordered;
  std::string ftr;

  std::string prog_name;
  std::vector<std::string> others;

  std::vector<std::string> errors;
};

}  // namespace cmdline
